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STRAIGHT CUTTING OILS Straight cutting oils are "straight" only in
that they are not mixed with water for use in metal cutting. They are available
in many formulations, ranging from straight mineral oil to high-compounded
blends specifically formulated for severe operations. Also included in the inactive oil group are such fluids as fatty oils, fatty oil-mineral oil blends, and sulfurized blends of these oils. These are considered inactive because the sulfur is so firmly attached that little is released to react with the work surface. Active cutting oils are generally used in machining steel. These oils may be dark or transparent, straight sulfurized or sulfo-chlorinated, mineral or fatty compounded. The dark oils generally contain more sulfur than the transparent sulfurized oils, and are usually considered better for heavy-duty jobs. Today, however, the newer additives and concentrates make the transparent oils just as suitable for tough machining applications. Chlorine compounds, if chemically active at tool temperatures, act similarly to sulfur compounds, but usually at lower temperatures, to form a metallic chloride film at the tool-work interface. Both sulfur and chlorine, among other chemicals that are added to cutting oils, help to provide extreme-pressure lubrication and anti-welding properties under the conditions usually found in metal-cutting operations, high unit pressure, low sliding motion, high spot temperature.
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